Giza is the third largest city in Egypt in terms of area, after Alexandria and Cairo. It is the fourth largest city in Africa in terms of population after Kinshasa, Lagos and Cairo. It is the capital of Giza Governorate and has a total population of 9.2 million as of 2021. It is located on the west bank of the Nile River, 4.9 km (3 mi) southwest of central Cairo, and is part of the metropolis of Greater Cairo. Giza is located less than 30 km (18.64 mi) north of Memphis (Minnefer), which was the capital of the first unified Egyptian state since the days of the first pharaoh, Narmer. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt’s history due to its location near Memphis, the ancient pharaonic capital of the Old Kingdom.
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