EGYPT

Egypt is an Arab country located in the northeastern corner of the continent of Africa, and it has an Asian extension, where the Sinai Peninsula is located within the continent of Asia. . It is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by Sudan, to the east by the Red Sea, to the northeast by the Gaza Strip and the occupied territories (Israel) and to the west by Libya. The area of the Arab Republic of Egypt is about 1,001,000 square kilometres. The inhabited area is 78,990 km2, or 7.8% of the total area. Egypt is administratively divided into 27 governorates, and each governorate is divided into smaller administrative divisions, which are centers or divisions.

Most of Egypt’s population is concentrated in the Nile Valley and in urban areas. The Nile Valley and the Delta constitute less than 4% of the country’s total area, or about 33,000 square kilometers. The largest population bloc is Greater Cairo, which has almost a quarter of the population, followed by Alexandria. Most of the remaining population also lives in the Delta and on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the cities of the Suez Canal. These areas occupy an area of 40,000 square kilometers. While the Sahara is the world constitute the majority of the country’s territory.

Egypt is famous for having one of the oldest civilizations on earth, where humans began to migrate to the banks of the Nile and settle and began to cultivate the land and raise livestock about 10,000 years ago. Its people developed rapidly, and simple industries began in it, and its cohesive social fabric developed, and they formed peaceful neighboring emirates on the banks of the Nile that exchanged trade, a precedent in that for all countries in the world. The Badari civilization about 7000 years ago and the Naqada civilization (4400 BC – about 3000 BC) attest to this. The natural development was for it to merge with each other north and south, uniting the tribal and maritime sides, and the central rule represented at the beginning of the dynastic era (about 3000 years BC) began. It exchanged trade with its neighbors, as Egypt is one of the first trading countries. The innovation of writing in Egypt had a great impact on the course of life in the country and its rapid development, and the ancient Egyptian was fond of writing. Ancient Egypt also witnessed development in the fields of medicine, engineering and arithmetic.

Egypt is famous for many monuments, as it has a third of the world’s monuments, such as the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, the Karnak Temple, Deir el-Bahri, the Valley of the Kings and its other ancient monuments, such as those in the city of Memphis, Thebes and Karnak, and some of these antiquities are displayed in major museums around the world. A special science has been found to study the antiquities of Egypt called Egyptology, as well as there are Roman, Greek, Coptic and Islamic antiquities in their various eras.